The effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides Oliver on growth,feed utilization,antioxidant activity and immune responses of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides (EU) on growth, feed utilization, antioxidant activity and immune responses of turbot fed a basal diet (CON) or EU‐supplemented diets with 5.0 g/kg (EU1), 10.0 g/kg (EU2) and 20.0 g/kg (EU3) EU leaf powder. After 70‐day trial, EU supplementation did not affect nutrient utilization, but reduced feed intake (FI) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish at doses above 5.0 g/kg. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) activities in the EU‐supplemented groups were significantly higher than those in the control group at a dose of 20.0 g/kg. Significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were observed in EU‐supplemented groups at doses over 5.0 g/kg. Furthermore, fish fed 20.0 g/kg EU showed the highest lysozyme (LZM) activity among groups. The EU‐supplemented diets with doses above 5.0 g/kg significantly enhanced the mRNA expressions of cytokines. The expression level of major histocompatibility complex II alpha (MHC IIα) was significantly upregulated compared to that of the control fish when the supplemental level was at 20.0 g/kg. Taken together, the present study indicated that the EU could remarkably enhance the antioxidant activity, non‐specific immunity and maintain an active immune response in turbot.     

基于TaqMan qPCR检测凡纳滨对虾样品中虾肝肠胞虫并样检测方法的评价

对山东海阳和潍坊的2个养殖凡纳滨对虾群体取样，采用TaqMan qPCR逐尾检测肝胰腺中的虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, EHP)载量，再将提取的DNA样品按5并1(5∶1)、25并1(25∶1)、50并1(50∶1)、100并1(100∶1)和150并1(150∶1)进行并样，检测并样的EHP载量。设定不同临界循环数为假定灵敏度，定性判断各单尾检测阳性及并样组阳性，比较不同并样模式与检测阳性率、诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性等之间的关系以及定量的准确性。结果表明，检测灵敏度过低，会降低高并样率检测的准确性；阳性率在30%以上时，高并样率的检测结果与单样品检测相符性很好；高载量感染的阳性率不低于6.7%时，50∶1以内的并样能准确得出检测结果；低载量感染的阳性率不低于16%时，25∶1以内的并样能得出较好结果；高载量感染的1.3%阳性率和低载量感染的8%阳性率可能导致所有并样出现假阴性结果；各种并样模式均有很好的诊断特异性，50∶1并样的诊断灵敏度与OIE标准推荐的5∶1并样的接近；各并样检测的EHP载量与单样品检测平均值之比在0.27~2.83范围，二者存在极显著相关性，各种并样模式的定量检测结果在数量级水平能大致反映样品的平均EHP载量。本研究为水生动物疫病诊断和流行病学调查的样品检测提供了参考依据。     

用于水生病原菌的3种高通量活菌计数方法的比较

以一株副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)作为研究对象，比较了MTT [3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐]比色法、ATP生物发光法和高通量生长曲线法在活细菌高通量计数上的应用效果。用96孔培养板进行不同浓度细菌活菌计数，确定了上述3种方法在副溶血弧菌活菌计数的标准曲线和线性范围。结果显示，副溶血弧菌的MTT比色法以DMSO溶解的MTT产物甲瓒在555 nm的吸光度(OD555 nm)为计数依据，活菌数的对数(LgC)与LgOD555 nm线性关系的标准曲线为LgC=(1.0439±0.0200)LgOD555 nm+(8.0565±0.0125)，相关系数R²=0.9965，线性检测范围为7.8×106~2.5×108 CFU/ml；ATP生物发光法以ATP产生的相对发光度值(RLU)为计数依据，LgC与LgRUL线性关系的标准曲线为LgC=(0.9590±0.0065)LgRLU+(0.9949±0.0366)，相关系数R²=0.9994，线性检测范围为1.0×104~3.0×108 CFU/ml；高通量生长曲线法以生长曲线达到拐点的时间(Ts)为计数依据，LgC与Ts线性关系的标准曲线为LgC=?(0.8727±0.0230)Ts+(9.0128±0.1572)，相关系数R²=0.9924，线性检测范围为1.0×100~1.0×107 CFU/ml。用3种方法对实际菌液测量并与平板计数法比较表明，ATP生物发光法与高通量生长曲线法有很好的准确性，MTT比色法准确度稍差，而高通量生长曲线法有最宽的线性范围，也最适合高通量测定。     

Use of Porcine Meal in Plant‐based Practical Diets for Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate and confirm the efficacy of a porcine meal (PM) with high protein content (>90%) as an alternative feed ingredient in commercial‐type feed formulation for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six experimental diets were formulated for the two growth trials. The first five diets contained increasing levels (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6%) of PM as a replacement for soybean meal in a plant‐based diet with low inclusion level (6%) of fish meal (FM). The last experimental diet was produced utilizing 4.2% PM to completely replace FM. In Trial 1, shrimp (1.5 g initial mean weight, 20 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered test diets for 6 wk in a semirecirculation system. At the end of Trial 1, shrimp fed with the diet containing 6% PM exhibited significantly enhanced weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival compared to those fed with the diet devoid of FM. As survival was poor across all treatments and different densities could mask growth results the trial was repeated. In Trial 2, shrimp (0.85 g, 15 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered diets for 6 wk. Dietary supplementation of PM at 6% significantly improved WG, FCR, and apparent net protein retention in contrast with the treatment devoid of FM, confirming the same trends in Trial 1. No significant difference was detected in protein, lipid, moisture, and mineral profiles of whole‐body shrimp as well as survival across all the treatments. Results of this study indicate that PM is a good high protein source in shrimp feeds, which can be included up to 6% in the low FM‐based diet without compromising the growth of shrimp.     

3-P(4S)并联机构分析与多目标性能优化

针对3-P(4S)并联平台,首先对其进行了位置反解,提出了由BP神经网络和拟Newton法相结合的混合数值法,并以此对机构进行了位置正解,求解精度可达到10-8数量级,求解时间在20 ms内。然后通过对位置解求导可得到机构动平台和分支杆件的速度和加速度。根据运动学分析的结果,应用牛顿欧拉方法构建该机构的动力学模型,并对机构的数值算例进行了动力学仿真验证。最后综合考虑机构的动力学性能、刚度性能和速度性能,分别推导了其评价指标,并应用改进的加权求和法对该机构进行多目标的尺寸优化。通过多目标的尺寸优化,该机构的动力学性能和速度性能提升了2倍,刚度性能提升了3倍。     

阳极溶出伏安法快速测定谷物中的镉含量

建立了一种阳极溶出伏安法快速测定谷物中的镉含量。样品经微波消解后，采用玻碳电极为工作电极，AgAgCl电极为参比电极，铂电极为对电极，测定谷物中镉含量，其检出限为0.4 μgL。采用标准加入法，平均回收率100%～104%；某一浓度样品同时测定6次，其变异系数2.43%。该方法稳定、快速和准确，可广泛用于粮食的安全事件应急监测。      

灌溉水平及灌溉间隔对大豆植株干物质积累的影响

采用桶栽方法,选用黑农48为试验材料,设计4个灌溉水平及4种干旱胁迫历时进行交叉试验,研究了灌溉水平及干旱胁迫历时对大豆干物质积累的影响。结果表明,花荚期大豆植株叶、茎、根和荚果更易受干旱胁迫历时影响,干旱胁迫历时越短越有利于植株生长,灌溉水平对植株的生长影响相对弱于干旱胁迫历时。植株各器官干质量的等高线图表明高灌溉水平、短干旱胁迫历时比低灌溉水平、长干旱胁迫历时有绝对优势,同时也表现出高灌溉水平、长干旱胁迫历时处理与低灌溉水平、短干旱胁迫历时处理之间具有相似性。     

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptotic pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with SAHA at different concentrations for 48 h. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was detected by real-time cellular analysis. The protein levels of acetylated histones H3K9 and H3K27, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and p-PERK were determined by Western blot. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with control group, treatment with SAHA at 0.1 μmol/L and 1 μmol/L for 48 h showed no significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells, while SAHA at 6 μmol/L and 12 μmol/L significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells (P<0.05). The results of Western blot showed that the protein levels of acH3K9, acH3K27, GRP78 and p-PERK increased significantly after treated with SAHA at diffe-rent concentrations for 48 h, while the protein level of PERK was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rates of the HepG2 cells increased with the increase in SAHA concentration. CONCLUSION: SAHA up-regulates the acetylation of H3K9 and H3K27 in the HepG2 cells and induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis pathway.     

捆草机电气控制系统的设计研究——基于MCGS与单片机技术

以呼伦贝尔市蒙拓农机科技股份有限公司生产的9YG-1.3型圆草捆打捆机为样机,针对其控制部分存在自动化程度低、草捆边缘布网太松、操作繁琐及需人工手动计数等问题,运用昆仑通态MCGS编程软件和Keil u Vision4软件,设计了一款以单片机系统为控制核心,以MCGS触摸屏为人机界面,配备各种相应传感器和控制输出硬件的自动控制系统。该系统通过人机监控界面,实现了对捆草机运行状况的实时监控。试验结果表明:本控制系统有效地解决了捆草机的灵活布网问题与计数问题,并可以实时进行停车、开仓门、关仓门与报警声亮提示,提高了捆草机的工作效率和自动化水平。